Fakitin batirin lithium sun canza yadda muke sarrafa na'urorin mu na lantarki.Tun daga wayoyin hannu zuwa motocin lantarki, waɗannan kayan wuta masu nauyi da inganci sun zama wani ɓangare na rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun.Duk da haka, ci gabanlithium baturi gunguya kasance ba a santsi ba.Ya wuce wasu manyan canje-canje da ci gaba a cikin shekaru.A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika tarihin fakitin batirin lithium da kuma yadda suka samo asali don biyan bukatunmu na haɓaka makamashi.
Batirin lithium-ion na farko Stanley Whittingham ne ya kirkiro shi a ƙarshen 1970s, wanda ke nuna farkon juyin juya halin batirin lithium.Batirin Whittingham yana amfani da titanium disulfide azaman cathode da ƙarfe lithium azaman anode.Ko da yake wannan nau'in baturi yana da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi, ba zai iya yin kasuwanci ba saboda matsalolin tsaro.Ƙarfe na Lithium yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma yana iya haifar da guduwar zafi, yana haifar da gobarar baturi ko fashewa.
A ƙoƙarin shawo kan matsalolin tsaro da ke da alaƙa da baturan ƙarfe na lithium, John B. Goodenough da tawagarsa a Jami'ar Oxford sun yi bincike mai zurfi a cikin 1980s.Sun gano cewa ta amfani da karfen oxide cathode maimakon karfen lithium, za a iya kawar da hadarin da ke tattare da gudu.Goodenough's lithium cobalt oxide cathodes ya kawo sauyi a masana'antar kuma ya share hanya don ƙarin ci-gaban batura lithium-ion da muke amfani da su a yau.
Babban ci gaba na gaba a cikin fakitin batirin lithium ya zo a cikin 1990s lokacin da Yoshio Nishi da tawagarsa a Sony suka haɓaka batirin lithium-ion na kasuwanci na farko.Sun maye gurbin anode na ƙarfe na lithium mai saurin amsawa tare da mafi kwanciyar hankali graphite anode, yana ƙara inganta amincin baturi.Saboda yawan kuzarinsu da tsawon rayuwar su, waɗannan batura cikin sauri sun zama madaidaicin tushen wutar lantarki don na'urorin lantarki masu ɗaukar hoto kamar kwamfyutoci da wayoyin hannu.
A farkon 2000s, fakitin batirin lithium sun sami sabbin aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antar kera motoci.Tesla, wanda Martin Eberhard da Mark Tarpenning suka kafa, sun ƙaddamar da motar lantarki ta farko da ta sami nasara ta kasuwanci ta batirin lithium-ion.Wannan yana nuna muhimmin ci gaba a haɓaka fakitin batirin lithium, saboda amfanin su baya iyakance ga na'urorin lantarki masu ɗaukar nauyi.Motocin lantarki masu amfani da fakitin baturi na lithium suna ba da mafi tsafta, mafi dorewa madadin ababen hawa na gargajiya.
Yayin da buƙatun fakitin batirin lithium ke girma, ƙoƙarin bincike yana mai da hankali kan ƙara yawan kuzarin su da haɓaka aikinsu gabaɗaya.Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan ci gaban shine ƙaddamar da anodes na tushen silicon.Silicon yana da babban ƙarfin ka'idar don adana ions lithium, wanda zai iya ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi.Koyaya, silicon anodes suna fuskantar ƙalubale kamar canje-canjen ƙarar ƙara yayin zagayowar caji, yana haifar da gajeriyar rayuwa.Masu bincike suna aiki tuƙuru don shawo kan waɗannan ƙalubalen don buɗe cikakken yuwuwar anodes na tushen silicon.
Wani yanki na bincike shine gungun batir lithium mai ƙarfi.Waɗannan batura suna amfani da ƙwaƙƙwaran electrolytes maimakon ruwan lantarki da ake samu a cikin batura na lithium-ion na gargajiya.Batura masu ƙarfi suna ba da fa'idodi da yawa, gami da aminci mafi girma, mafi girman ƙarfin kuzari, da tsawon rayuwa.Koyaya, kasuwancin su har yanzu yana kan matakin farko kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike da haɓaka don shawo kan ƙalubalen fasaha da rage farashin masana'anta.
Duba gaba, makomar gungu na baturin lithium da alama yana da ban sha'awa.Bukatar ajiyar makamashi na ci gaba da hauhawa, sakamakon karuwar kasuwar motocin lantarki da kuma bukatar hadewar makamashi mai sabuntawa.Ƙoƙarin bincike yana mai da hankali ne kan haɓaka batura tare da mafi girman ƙarfin kuzari, saurin caji, da tsawon rayuwa.Tarin lithium baturi za su taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sauyawa zuwa mafi tsafta, mafi dorewa makamashi nan gaba.
A taƙaice, tarihin ci gaban fakitin batirin lithium ya shaida ƙirƙira ɗan adam da kuma neman mafi aminci da ingantaccen samar da wutar lantarki.Tun daga farkon batirin ƙarfe na lithium zuwa manyan batir lithium-ion da muke amfani da su a yau, mun shaida ci gaba mai mahimmanci a fasahar adana makamashi.Yayin da muke ci gaba da tura iyakokin abin da zai yiwu, fakitin baturi na lithium za su ci gaba da bunkasa da kuma tsara makomar ajiyar makamashi.
Idan kuna sha'awar rukunin baturin lithium, maraba don tuntuɓar Radiance zuwasamun zance.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-24-2023